On the other side it was referred to as a place of torment, which I believe was referred to as Tartarus; although properly speaking both of these places had the general category of being called Sheol in the Old Testament and Hades in the New Testament. It was the grave, the land below, the underworld.
Here is a picture I have drawn which may help to explain it.
II Peter 2:4-5: "For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell (tartarus) and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment; and did not spare the ancient world, but saved Noah, one of eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly."
Jude 1:6: "And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day."
Genesis 6:4-8: "There were giants on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown. Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the Lord was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. So the Lord said, 'I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth, both man and beast, creeping things and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them.' But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord."
Outside of Elijah and Enoch who went straight to heaven, everyone who died went there. Now Jesus said the rich man being in torment in Hades lifted up his eyes and across this gulf called to Abraham and said, "Send Lazarus back up to tell my five brothers about this place of torment and they will repent because I don't want them to come here." Jesus rose from the dead and still people don't believe. This place of torment was a temporary place. After the Final Judgment, Great White Throne judgment they will be transferred to a place called gehenna, hell, the lake of fire which burns forever.
Revelation 20:10 tells us, "The devil, who deceived them, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone where the beast and the false prophet are. And they will be tormented day and night forever and ever."
Satan is not in charge of hell. He will not rule in hell. He will be tormented in hell. Also, remember that Satan does not even live in hell now. His headquarters is in heavenly places.
Ephesians 6:12: "For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places."
Ephesians 3:10: "To the extent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places."
Headquarters of Satan is not on earth or under the earth.
Genesis 1:1: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth."
Heaven is plural and earth is singular. One earth but more than one heaven. Paul tells us in II Corinthians.
II Corinthians 12:2-4: "I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago - whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows - such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man - whether in the body or out of the body I do not know - God knows - how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter."
Here Paul identifies the third heaven with Paradise and Paradise (since the resurrection of Christ) is located in heaven. The first heaven is the visible heaven that we see if you walk outside and look up into the sky. Then Revelation talks about a mid heaven and then there is the heaven which is the dwelling place of God and identified with Paradise. Thus, three heavens. The heavenlies, where Satan has his headquarters, must be the mid heaven which lies between the visible heaven and the third heaven which is God's dwelling place.
Christians do not go before the Final Judgment. That is for unbelievers, remember? Christians will go before the Judgment Seat of Christ.
II Corinthians 5:10: "For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive the things done in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad."
This has nothing to do with salvation. The Judgment Seat of Christ is for believers. The Final Judgment, Great White Throne Judgment is for unbelievers. Hear what Jesus tells us from John:
John 5:24: "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who hears My words and believes in Him who sent Me has everlasting life, and shall not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life."
This is why Paul can say in Corinthians.
II Corinthians 5:8: "We are confident, yes, well pleased rather to be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord."
I Peter 3:18-20: "For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive by the Spirit, by whom also He went and preached to the spirits in prison, who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine long-suffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water." (The prison was Hades).
At some point in Jesus' descent into the underworld, having been made alive in the Spirit went and preached. What did Jesus preach to these spirits in prison? The word preach in Greek means euangellion. The Greek word used here is kerygma, not euangellion. This word means to proclaim. Jesus is here making a proclamation to the spirits in prison.
What did Jesus proclaim? I don't think it was an offer of mercy or a second chance. I think Jesus made a proclamation that He now was in charge and Lord over life and death. Jesus now held the keys of Hades and death.
Revelation 1:18: "I am He who lives, and was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore. Amen. And I have the keys of Hades and Death."
Hebrews 2:14: "Inasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He Himself likewise shared in the same, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil."
I Corinthians 15:55-56: "O Death, where is your sting? O Hades, where is your victory? The sting of death is sin, the strength of sin is the law. But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ."
The Gospel was also preached though.
I Peter 4:5-6: "They will give an account to Him who is ready to judge the living and the dead. For this reason the gospel was preached also to those who are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit." (preached is euangellion).
In Hades there was also the other side separated by the gulf which is referred to as Paradise or Abraham's Bosom. This was made up of the souls of the believers from all previous ages. Abraham and all the other believers. They had a separate place in Hades separated by a great abyss from the souls of the wicked. Remember the story of the poor man who died and was carried by the angels into Abraham's Bosom and he lifted up his eyes and saw the rich man in the other part of Hades suffering moment.
So they are in Paradise. They had died in faith but had never received the promise. So Jesus preached to these souls of the righteous. He preached the gospel to them basically saying that it is finished and you can go free now. I have paid the penalty. At this time they were transferred out of Hades and into heaven. He emptied this segment of the underworld. This side is empty today. Jesus moved Paradise from their into he presence of the Father. That's why Paul can say, "Absent from the body, present with the Lord."
Jesus went down into the underworld. He endured the entire wrath of almighty God in all aspects. Having finished that, He was made alive in the Spirit. He made a proclamation to the wicked dead that He is now Lord of life and death, and preached the gospel to the righteous believers telling them that it was finished and they were free to go to heaven.
When a person dies one of two things happen. They either go immediately to be with the Lord; or they go to the other place in the underworld, Hades, where there is torment and wait until the Final Judgment at which time they will be cast into the lake of fire. The Bible calls it eternal judgment.
The good news for all of us is this. Because of what Jesus has done for us - we will spend all eternity in the presence and power of love.
John 14:6: "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me."
Romans 10:9: "That if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved."
Romans 10:13: "For whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved."
John 3:16: "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life."
Copyright © 2014 by Allen C. Minor
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